Breath-Based Innovation

Breath Sensing and Analysis of Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis

Biomarkers provide a link between exhaled breath and disease diagnosis.

Three dots indicating tertiary biomerkers

TERTIARY
BIOMARKERS

Tertiary biomarkers such as insulin resistance are byproducts of progressed disease and represent the current standard of diagnosis.

Two dots indicating secondary biomarkers

SECONDARY
BIOMARKERS

Secondary biomarkers such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are byproducts of a disturbance in biological function early in disease progression.

Single dot indicating primary biomarkers

PRIMARY
BIOMARKERS

Primary biomarkers such as misfolded proteins originate from within the cells themselves at the earliest stages of disease development.

Primary and secondary biomarkers in exhaled breath provide the basis for early, non-invasive disease diagnosis and monitoring.

The road to exhaled breath analysis decorative graphic.
Disease induces genetic mutation, translational errors, and environmental stressors creating biomarkers.
Primary markers originate from within the cells. Secondary markers reflect the change in function of the affected organ.
Biomarkers enter the lungs through alveoli during the oxygen exchange cycle and are exhaled along with respiratory droplets and atmospheric gasses.
This process leads to thousands of markers in exhaled breath differentiating it from inhaled breath.
Ad disease develops, changes in breath biomarker concentrations are measurable and serve as non-invasive indicators of health status.
Quadrant 1: Biomarkers interact with the catalyst surface
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Quadrant 2: Biomarkers undergo catalytic decomposition
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Quadrant 3: Catalyst undergoes redox reactions
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Quadrant 4: Biomarkers are consumed and catalyst returns to original state.
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A Novel Sensing Mechanism

Chart indicating "fingerprints" of exhaled breath resulting in the identification and differentiation of specific proteins, VOCs, and combinations thereof.

Identification and Differentiation

Enabled by highly specific catalyst tuning, each "fingerprint" is unique ensuring the accurate diagnosis of several diseases.
Chart indicating quantitative results being measured through response time, recovery time, and the magnitude of catalyst responses.
"Fingerprints" generated by TRACE-E can be correlated with distinct biologically relevant concentrations of each indicator and delivered to clinicians alongside reference ranges at any stage.

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